Great Circles, Rhumb Lines & Directions on the Earth: DGCA Air Navigation questions

Latitude and longitude fix a position, and the line between two positions is either a great circle, the shortest path, or a rhumb line, which holds one true track. This set builds the arithmetic behind both.

Across 27 questions you find change of latitude and longitude, shortest distances along a meridian or over a pole, and new positions from given changes. A few compare the two kinds of line. Exam sessions have chosen 2 of this set.

One minute of latitude is one nautical mile. Points either side of the equator add their latitudes. Across the 180 degree meridian, take the smaller arc. Over the pole, for two points in the same hemisphere, the arc is 180 degrees minus the sum of their latitudes.