Climatology of India: DGCA Aviation Meteorology questions

India's weather runs through four seasons: winter, the hot pre-monsoon summer, the southwest monsoon and the post-monsoon months. Each brings its own pressure pattern, surface winds and upper winds.

Many of the 32 questions name a season, a route and a height, then ask what wind you will meet. Others cover the advance and breaks of the monsoon and the monsoon trough. You will find 22 of them in the exam record.

Upper winds can oppose the surface flow: in the monsoon the low level current is southwesterly while high level winds over the peninsula are easterly. In a break the monsoon trough shifts to the Himalayan foothills, so rain falls along the hills while much of central India stays dry.